Assessing the Impact of Contextual Information in Hate Speech Detection

Social networks and other digital media deal with huge amounts of user-generated contents where hate speech has become a problematic more and more relevant. A great effort has been made to develop automatic tools for its analysis and moderation, at least in its most threatening forms, such as in violent acts against people and groups protected by law. One limitation of current approaches to automatic hate speech detection is the lack of context. The spotlight on isolated messages, without considering any type of conversational context or even the topic being discussed, severely restricts the available information to determine whether a post on a social network should be tagged as hateful or not. In this work, we assess the impact of adding contextual information to the hate speech detection task. We specifically study a subdomain of Twitter data consisting of replies to digital newspapers posts, which provides a natural environment for contextualized hate speech detection. We built a new corpus in Spanish (Rioplatense variant) focused on hate speech associated to the COVID-19 pandemic, annotated using guidelines carefully designed by our interdisciplinary team. Our classification experiments using state-of-the-art transformer-based machine learning techniques show evidence that adding contextual information improves the performance of hate speech detection for two proposed tasks: binary and multi-label prediction, increasing their Macro F1 by 4.2 and 5.5 points, respectively. These results highlight the importance of using contextual information in hate speech detection. Our code, models, and corpus has been made available for further research. © 2013 IEEE.

Autonomy and Control in Mass Remote Working during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Cross-Occupational Comparison

The global COVID-19 pandemic acted as an exogenous shock that forced organizations to adopt homeworking as a common form of work for many occupations. Drawing on a real-time cross-occupational qualitative survey, we first examined how compulsory homeworking affected workers' freedom to define and perform their tasks. Second, we analyzed how different forms of control developed under the new organization of work. Specifically, we studied how the outcomes varied by occupation and along the vertical division of labour. Our findings agree with those of labour process theorists who argue that personal, bureaucratic and technical forms of control complement each other, rather than being stages of a linear succession.

Student perceptions of the virtualization of teaching by COVID-19: the case of the Master's Degree in Tourism at the University of Huelva

The virtualization of the Tourism Master's Degree at the University of Huelva during the COVID-19 pandemic was a success and this study analyzed the key factors in this successful virtualization, according to the perception of its students. For this, it was decided to carry out a causal analysis using the methodology of fuzzy cognitive maps and the results achieved glimpsed the role of the teacher in this success. © 2022 IEEE.

The use of online teaching tools in the Tourism Master of the University of Huelva after the COVID-19 pandemic

This study points out the factors to be taken into account so that the professors of the Master's Degree in Tourism at the University of Huelva do not stop using online teaching tools in their training process after the COVID-19 pandemic, since some of which can enrich face-to-face teaching. A causal analysis was carried out through fuzzy cognitive maps and the results obtained indicated that if it is intended that these teachers continue using these tools, from the direction of the master's degree they must be allowed to use them and facilitate their use, sending them training courses on these tools, giving them accessibility to this type of tools and allowing them to use them if they require it. © 2022 IEEE.

Education in Sensitive Times: Contributions of Moral and Socioemotional Skills in the Context of the Pandemic and Post Covid-19

This essay aims to reflect on the contributions for education of the moral and socio-emotional competences in sensitive times, triggered in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on theoretical studies that support the emergence of moral and socioemotional competences, we propose connections that underpin the moral perspective of an educational praxis that offers possibilities to live and interact in school and in society, in an ethical and democratic way. We analyzed that the advent of the pandemic, with the sudden adaptation to the remote scenario, increased the sensitivity and, at the same time, caused an impact on the educational process, by excluding the possibilities of living with diversity, in interaction with others and in the experience of the public space. These experiences are fundamental aspects for the construction of values and the development of socio-emotional competences that are even more urgent nowadays.

Analysis of the virtualization of teaching in the Tourism Master of the University of huelva during CoVId-19: teachers versus students

With the arrival of the CoVId-19 pandemic, Spanish universities have had to take the step from traditional training to online training, and there are many degrees that have managed to overcome the challenge of virtualizing the training process in an appropriate and without major drawbacks. An example of these degrees is the "Master of Tourism: Management of tourism companies" of the UhU, which was able to complete the first course of this pandemic period online without major inconveniences and planned the next course with only online modality, developing properly and without noticeable problems. for this reason, interviews were conducted with students and professors, and the key factors in the success of online teaching in said degree during the pandemic and the aspects to take into account when wanting to promote the use of online teaching tools were analyzed through the use of fuzzy cognitive maps. The results achieved pointed to their students as the main responsible for the success of this process, a role linked above all to the work of professors to seek that motivation in their students and achieve interactive collaboration. In this way, the attitude and control of technology, the instructor's teaching style, and the creation and structuring of content must be reinforced in professors.

Pulmonary Phospholipid Components as Promising Natural Inhibitors against COVID-19 Mpro;Molecular Docking Analysis Based Study

The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 has become a global crisis. Phospholipids are structural components of mammalian cell membranes that suppress viral attachment to the plasma membrane and subsequent replication in lung cells. Using the molecular docking approach, the inhibitory activity of phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyl-inositol, lysobisphosphatidic acid and sphingomyelin against SARS CoV-2 by targeting main protease (Mpro, PDB code: 6LU7) has been investigated. All phospholipids established excellent binding to Mpro active bocket by forming several H-bonds with the catalytic amino acids Cys145 and His4, as well as various amino acids involved in the bocket. Furthermore, a potent binding affinity is increased from -7.01 to -9.16 kcal/mol compared to compound N3 (N-[(5methylisoxazol-3-yl)carbonyl]alanyl-L (where L = valyl-N-1-(1R,2Z)-4-(benzyloxy)-4-oxo-1-{[(3R)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl}but-2-enyl)-L-leucinamide), a peptide linker, inhibitor for Covid-19 main protease. Co-crystalline ligand of enzyme 6LU7 of -9.99 kcal/mol. The sphingomyelin has the same binding affinity to main protease when compared to compound N3. These findings implied that the selected compounds have the potential to be developed as novel SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Therefore, improved, well-designed, potent and structurally and pharmacokinetically effective drugs are urgently needed. Further investigations should focus on validating and finalizing effective drugs for COVID-19 beyond preliminary in silico and in vivo screening. © 2022 Chemical Publishing Co.. All rights reserved.

Key Factors in the Success of Virtualization of Teaching in Spanish Universities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The virtualization of university teaching in Spain caused by the pandemic was a success, but the urgent nature of the transition from face-to-face teaching to online teaching meant that some peculiarities that should have been taken into account were omitted. Thus, in order to find out and analyze the factors causing the success of this virtualization and take measures to address the weak points of this process as teachers may want to maintain the use of online teaching as support for their face-to-face teaching, these factors were located through a literature review and were classified according to their level of importance in this success through a causal study carried out with the methodology of fuzzy cognitive maps. The results achieved indicated the determining factors in students, involving their attitude, aptitude and predisposition, which are factors where the work of the teacher is of main relevance (as it exerts the greatest influence on these factors). For this reason, technological attitude and aptitude, teaching style, and the creation and structuring of content should be reinforced in teachers.

Bibliographic repertory on spanish emergency law in constitutional perspective

This bibliographic repertory classifies the publications that analyse the constitutional dimensions of emergency law in Spain into four main categories. The first group includes studies on states of emergency in the Spanish legal system, with a specific section on their application in the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The second group brings together books, book chapters and articles on the impact of fundamental rights in times of constitutional emergency. The third category focuses on the functioning of institutions and the territorial distribution of political power under law of exception. The final list of publications offers an international and comparative overview that enhances the legal analysis of situations of constitutional exceptionality.

Analysis of digital competences in the Master of Tourism of the University of Huelva

Qualifications and training programs must be in line with the skills demanded by the market, since finding a job has become a complicated and competitive process, and this increases the chances of finding it. for this reason, and because of the importance that digital skills have acquired in the tourism sector, the Master in Tourism at the University of Huelva aims to make an analysis of digital skills in its training program, making a comparison between the domain of skills that students have and mastery of skills demanded by the tourism sector. This analysis is developed through a questionnaire made to 21 students in the last year of the master's degree and 10 teachers of the master's degree who belong to the business field of the tourism sector in the province where it is taught, and concludes that in general terms the students of this degree have the general digital skills demanded by the sector and the digital skills necessary to make the process of finding a job as short as possible, which can help the master's degree maintain its high level of employability among its students.

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and their Application in Social Science Research: A Study of their Main Problems

The methodology of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) is one of the most relevant in the study of knowledge and, probably, one of the most used in recent times by researchers in their studies and projects. This paper analyzes, through a bibliographic review by the main scientific databases, the use of this tool in scientific research and its application in the social sciences, as well as providing historical references in this regard. It shows the main characteristics of the methodology, its possibilities and limitations, its differences with its predecessor (Cognitive Maps), the operational phases for its application and the different ways of capturing information. In addition to demonstrating the suitability of its application in the field of social sciences and studying its major problems, the identification of the concepts involved within the system to be studied, the selection of experts and the coefficients or weights of the knowledge of each of these ones, offering suggestions and contributions for a correct identification of the concepts involved, a correct selection of these experts and a correct quantification of their coefficients of "expert knowledge".

JUE insight: Learning epidemiology by doing: The empirical implications of a Spatial-SIR model with behavioral responses

We simulate a spatial behavioral model of the diffusion of an infection to understand the role of geographic characteristics: the number and distribution of outbreaks, population size, density, and agents’ movements. We show that several invariance properties of the SIR model concerning these variables do not hold when agents interact with neighbors in a (two dimensional) geographical space. Indeed, the spatial model's local interactions generate matching frictions and local herd immunity effects, which play a fundamental role in the infection dynamics. We also show that geographical factors change how behavioral responses affect the epidemic. We derive relevant implications for estimating the effects of the epidemic and policy interventions that use panel data from several geographical units. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.

When the rainy day is the worst hurricane ever: the effects of governmental policies on SMEs during COVID-19

We investigate the impact of COVID-19 on 42,401 UK SMEs and how government intervention affects their capability to survive the pandemic. The results show that, without governmental mitigation schemes, 59% of UK SMEs report negative earnings and that their residual life is reduced from 164 to 139 days. The analysis shows that government support scheme reduces the number of SMEs with negative earnings to 49% and allows extending the residual life for SMEs with negative earnings to 194 days. In addition, the support scheme reduces the number of jobs at risk in our sample by around 20%. However, our results suggest that weaker firms benefit more than strong ones. Besides, industries that are worst hit by COVID-19 are not those that benefit most from the government support scheme. We ascribe this result to the fact that the schemes do not discriminate between those firms that deserve support and those that do not deserve it.

Influence of Sars-Cov 2 lockdown on the incidence of facial trauma in a tertiary care hospital in Rome, Italy

OBJECTIVES: Italy has been the first affected country in the western haemisphere by SARS-COV 2 with over 200.000 cases during the first months o the pandemica. To control the spread of the virus, the whole country was placed under lockdown with limitations in the circulation of people and vehicles from March 2020 to the first half of the month of May. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We aimed to analyze the incidence and type of facial traumas referred to our tertiary care hospital during the months of Italy lockdown due to SARS - COVID 2 spread compared with those during the same months of 2019 to determine eventual variations in the incidence, type and causes of trauma. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: During the 2 months of COVID-19-related lockdown, a dramatic decrease in facial trauma patients was observed at our tertiary care hospital with a shift toward older age ranges. Regarding the causes of trauma, the largest percentage reduction was found in road, sports and work accidents;this percentage reduction was not found in aggressions. A small increase in the percentage was also found regarding surgical indications, likely because more severe cases were more prone to be referred to the hospital despite the fear of being infected.

Bringing computational thinking to non-STEM undergraduates through an integrated notebook application

Computational thinking courses are no longer exclusive to engineering and computer science students in higher education but have become a requirement in other fields, as well as for students in secondary, primary, and even early childhood education. Computational notebooks, such as Jupyter, are popular solutions to develop the programming skills typically introduced in these courses. However, these solutions often require technical infrastructure and lack support for rich educational experiences that integrate discussion, active feedback, and learning analytics. In this paper, we introduce a web application designed to address these challenges. We present blended learning scenarios supported by this application and evaluate them in an eight-week computational thinking course comprising 67 students pursuing a Bachelor in Business and Economics. We include in our results the impact of the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced a move from blended to online distance learning for the second half of our evaluation. © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).